{"id":99,"date":"2019-01-18T23:39:45","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T23:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kindsonthegenius.com\/java\/?p=99"},"modified":"2020-08-06T09:53:53","modified_gmt":"2020-08-06T09:53:53","slug":"16-java-the-string-class","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kindsonthegenius.com\/java\/16-java-the-string-class\/","title":{"rendered":"Java – The String Class"},"content":{"rendered":"

We have previously covered:\u00a0The Number Class<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0\u00a0The Character Class<\/a>. In this tutorial, we would examine the String class.<\/p>\n

I believe you understand these by now. If not, I rather suggest you take some time to review them. Today we would cover the following:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Introduction to Strings<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Creating a String<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Length of a String<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Combining Strings<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Formatting Strings<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1. Introduction to Strings<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Now, we are going to look at the String class.<\/p>\n

    First, keep in mind that Java does not provide a primitive type for strings. So we are left with only the wrapper class String. It therefore means that all strings in Java are objects. You need to stick with that. You will find it interesting though. I will also want you to know that a string object is also a char array. That is array of char types\/<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    2. Creating a String<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    First you need to learn how to create a string. There are two ways of doing this:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • first: by assigning a string literal<\/li>\n
    • second: by using the string constructor<\/li>\n
    • third: by creating a string from a char array<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

      I therefore provide the program in Listing 1.0. You can see how strings are created using these three methods. I also recommend you make sure to run it yourself.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      public<\/span> class<\/span> StringTester<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\t\/\/first method<\/span>\r\n\t\tString title =<\/span> \"Java Tutorials\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/second method<\/span>\r\n\t\tString messgage =<\/span> new<\/span> String(<\/span>\"Good Job!\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/third method: a char array<\/span>\r\n\t\tchar<\/span>[]<\/span> charArray =<\/span> {<\/span>'H'<\/span>,<\/span>'e'<\/span>,<\/span>'l'<\/span>,<\/span>'l'<\/span>,<\/span>'o'<\/span>};<\/span>\r\n\t\tString greeting =<\/span> new<\/span> String(<\/span>charArray);<\/span>\r\n\t}<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
      Listing 1.0: Ways to create a string<\/p>\n
       <\/p>\n
      It is noteworthy that Strings are immutable. You need to keep this in mind. Hence, once a string object is created, then it cannot be changed. To be able to make changes to strings, we use the String Buffer and String Builder classes.<\/p>\n
       <\/p>\n
      3. Length of a String<\/strong><\/h4>\n
      You can get information about string objects. To do this, you use methods provided by the string classed. These methods are known as accessor methods.<\/strong><\/p>\n
      One of such methods, you can use is the length() method. You use this method to get the length of the string. That is how many characters are in the string.<\/p>\n
      I recommend you run the program in Listing 1.1. In this way, you understand how to use the length() method.<\/p>\n
       <\/p>\n
      public<\/span> class<\/span> StringTester<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\t\/\/first method<\/span>\r\n\t\tString title =<\/span> \"Java Tutorials\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tint<\/span> length =<\/span> title.<\/span>length<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tSystem.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>print<\/span>(<\/span>length);<\/span>\r\n\t}<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
      Listing 1.1: Program to get the the length of a string<\/p>\n
       <\/p>\n
      If you run the program in Listing 1.1, then you will get an output of 14. You should also note that the white-space between the two words is also a character.<\/p>\n
       <\/p>\n
      4. Combining Strings (Concatenation)<\/strong><\/p>\n
      I therefore suggest you add this word to your list of important words – concatenation. It means combining two or more strings to form one string. So we say something like: to concatenate two strings.<\/p>\n
      This is achieved by either of two ways:<\/p>\n
        \n
      • by using the concatenation operator (+)<\/li>\n
      • by using the concat() method. I think it’s fairly easy to use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        So to combine two strings, string1 and string2 using the concatenation operator, you say:<\/p>\n
         <\/p>\n
        <\/p>\n
        string3 =<\/span> string1 +<\/span> string2\r\n<\/pre>\n
         <\/p>\n
        But to use the concat method, you\u00a0 say:<\/p>\n
         <\/p>\n
        <\/p>\n
        string3 =<\/span> string1.<\/span>concat<\/span>(<\/span>string2)<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
         <\/p>\n
        So take a loop at the program in Listing 1.2 below. I suggest you run it yourself in your own IDE.<\/p>\n
        public<\/span> class<\/span> StringTester<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\tString string1 =<\/span> \"Java\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\tString string2 =<\/span> \"Tutorials\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/using concatenation operator (+)<\/span>\r\n\t\tString string3 =<\/span> string1 +<\/span> string2;<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/using the concat method<\/span>\r\n\t\tString string4 =<\/span> string1.<\/span>concat<\/span>(<\/span>string2);<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tSystem.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>string3);<\/span>\r\n\t\tSystem.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>string4);<\/span>\r\n\t}<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
        Listing 1.2: Combining two strings<\/p>\n
         <\/p>\n
        If you run the code in Listing 1.2, it would display the same result. JavaTutorials. So, string3 and string4 would hold the same value<\/p>\n
         <\/p>\n
        5. Formatting Strings<\/strong><\/h4>\n
        You can you two functions to create formatted strings:<\/p>\n
          \n
        • the printf() function<\/li>\n
        • the format() function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
           <\/p>\n
          While the printf() function is available under System.out namespace, the format() method is a method in the String class. Nevertheless, you can use both to achieve the same result.<\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
          Take an example in the code below.<\/p>\n
          public<\/span> class<\/span> StringTester<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\tString name =<\/span> \"Osondu Mills\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\tfloat<\/span> score =<\/span> 87.09f<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\tint<\/span> seat_number =<\/span> 14<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\tSystem.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"My name is %s \"<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\"and my score is %f and \"<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\"my seat number is %d \"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\tname,<\/span> score,<\/span> seat_number);<\/span>\t\t\r\n\t}<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
          Listing 1.3: Formatting String using printf()<\/strong><\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
          If you run the program above in Listing 1.3, the you will have the result below<\/p>\n
          <\/p>\n
          My name is Osondu Mills and my score is 87.089996<\/span> and my seat number is 14<\/span> \r\n<\/pre>\n
           <\/p>\n
          %s, %f and %d are called format specifiers. %s is used to represent strings, %d is used to represent integers while %f is used to represent floats<\/p>\n
          So what happens here is the each formats specifier is replaced with the value of the corresponding string variable.<\/p>\n
           <\/p>\n
            \n
          • %s is replaced with “Osondu Mills”<\/li>\n
          • %f is replaced with 87.09<\/li>\n
          • %d is replaced with 14<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
             <\/p>\n
            Hence, you have the specified output. Now the code in Listing 1.4 does exactly the same thing. But this time, using the format method of the string class.<\/p>\n
            You can also try it.<\/p>\n
             <\/p>\n
            public<\/span> class<\/span> StringTester<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\r\n\tpublic<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String[]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\t\tString name =<\/span> \"Osondu Mills\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\tfloat<\/span> score =<\/span> 87.09f<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\tint<\/span> seat_number =<\/span> 14<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\/\/Using the format method<\/span>\r\n\t\tString details =<\/span> String.<\/span>format<\/span>(<\/span>\"My name is %s \"<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\"and my score is %f and \"<\/span> +<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\"my seat number is %d \"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\tname,<\/span> score,<\/span> seat_number);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\t\tSystem.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>details);<\/span>\t\r\n\t}<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/pre>\n
            Listing 1.4: Using the format method of the string class<\/p>\n
             <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            We have previously covered:\u00a0The Number Class\u00a0and\u00a0\u00a0The Character Class. In this tutorial, we would examine the String class. I believe you understand these by now. If … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":395,"featured_media":106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-java-tutorial"],"yoast_head":"\nJava - The String Class - Java Tutorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, we are going to cover the String wrapper class. 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