{"id":208,"date":"2026-07-03T21:25:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-03T21:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/?p=208"},"modified":"2026-07-03T21:27:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-03T21:27:58","slug":"introduction-to-vehicle-routing-with-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/introduction-to-vehicle-routing-with-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to Vehicle Routing with Python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- ktg-updated-banner --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ktg-updated-banner\" style=\"margin:1em 0;padding:0.75em 1em;background:#eff6ff;border-left:4px solid #3b82f6;border-radius:4px;\">\n<p><strong>Updated July 3, 2026:<\/strong> Reviewed for accuracy and refreshed metadata.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>This tutorial provides you with an overview of the Vehicle Routing Problem(VRP) and helps you understand the core concepts. In the next tutorials we would then see how we can solve this problem using Python<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#t1\">Overview of Vehicle Routing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#t2\">Travelling Salesman Problem(TSP)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#t3\">Types of Vehicle Routing Problem<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong id=\"t1\">1. Overview of Vehicle Routing<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In a vehicle routing problem, we have a vehicle moving from point A to point B. Between these two points, there are several routes. The goal is to find the best of these routes. However, in real world scenario, we often would have not just one vehicle, but a fleet of vehicles and a set locations.<\/p>\n<p>Then we need to find the best routes for these vehicles.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An example is a package delivery company needing to assign routes to drivers to make deliveries.<\/li>\n<li>Another example is a taxi company that needs to assign routes to drivers to pick up and drop off passengers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are a number of ways to approach this problem but most common is the Travelling Salesman Problem(TSP) algorithm<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong id=\"t2\">2. Travelling Salesman Problem(TSP)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The objective of the TSP is to find the shortest route for a salesman who needs to visit different customers at various locations and then return to his starting point. The TSP could be represented by a graph where the nodes correspond to the locations whiles the edges depict the travel distance (or cost) to move between the locations. A 4-node TSP is shown in below with locations labelled A, B, C and D. The cost of each edge is given by a number written against that edge.<\/p>\n<p>In this example, we find the shortest route by calculating all possible routes and we see that the shortest route is A-C-D-B-D with total distance of 35 + 30 + 15 + 10 = 90.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_210\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-210\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Screenshot-2021-01-23-at-15.56.17.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-210\" src=\"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Screenshot-2021-01-23-at-15.56.17-300x300.png\" alt=\"4-Node Travelling Salesman Problem\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Screenshot-2021-01-23-at-15.56.17-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Screenshot-2021-01-23-at-15.56.17-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Screenshot-2021-01-23-at-15.56.17-768x766.png 768w, https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Screenshot-2021-01-23-at-15.56.17.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-210\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">4-Node Travelling Salesman Problem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If however, there are many more locations, then the problem becomes more difficult and therefore we need a more efficient approach. Certain constraints may be applied to help reduced the search space of the problem. Some are given in the next sub-section<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong id=\"t3\">3. Types of Vehicle Routing Problem<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>We outline six categories of the VRP that would be covering in these series of tutorials.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Travelling Salesman Problem &#8211; this is be basic routing problem where just one vehicle is involved<\/li>\n<li>Vehicle Routing Problem &#8211; in this case the TSP is generalized with multiple vehicles<\/li>\n<li>VRP with time windows &#8211; here, the vehicles are required to visit the locations only at certain time intervals<\/li>\n<li>VRP with dropped visits &#8211; in this type, the vehicles are not required to visit all the locations. They must pay some kind of penalty for each visit dropped<\/li>\n<li>VRP with capacity constraints &#8211;\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', Graphik, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem;\">here, the vehicles have maximum capacities of the items they would carry<\/span><\/li>\n<li>VRP with resource constraints &#8211; here the available resources (such as personnel) is limited in some way<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We would now see how to solve each type of TSP problem in Python.<\/p>\n<p><!-- ktg-series-nav --><\/p>\n<nav class=\"ktg-series-nav\" aria-label=\"OR tutorial navigation\">\n<p><strong>Previous:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/understanding-the-n-queens-problem-with-backtracking\/\">Understanding the  N-Queens Problem (with Backtracking)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Next:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/kindsonthegenius.com\/data-science\/solving-the-travelling-salesman-problem-tsp-with-python\/\">Solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) with Python<\/a><\/p>\n<\/nav>\n<p><!-- ktg-alkademy-cta --><\/p>\n<div class=\"ktg-alkademy-cta\" style=\"margin:2em 0;padding:1.25em;border-left:4px solid #2563eb;background:#f8fafc;\">\n<p><strong>Want live data science classes?<\/strong> Join <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alkademy.com\/courses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alkademy<\/a> for instructor-led data science and Python courses with hands-on projects.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Updated July 3, 2026: Reviewed for accuracy and refreshed metadata. This tutorial provides you with an overview of the Vehicle Routing Problem(VRP) and helps you &hellip; <!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,35],"tags":[37,38,39],"class_list":["post-208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-optimization","category-vehicle-routing","tag-optmization","tag-python","tag-tsp"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction to Vehicle Routing with Python | Data Science Tutorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Introduction to Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) in Python \u2014 concepts, variants, and how routing 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