{"id":179,"date":"2020-08-29T23:27:11","date_gmt":"2020-08-29T23:27:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kindsonthegenius.com\/cplusplus\/?p=179"},"modified":"2020-08-29T23:27:11","modified_gmt":"2020-08-29T23:27:11","slug":"c-operators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kindsonthegenius.com\/cplusplus\/c-operators\/","title":{"rendered":"C++ Operators"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this tutorial, you will learn about the various operators available in C++. An operator is a symbol that tell the compiler to perform certain operation on variables. Let’s consider the following six categories of operators:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Arithmetic Operators<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Relational Operators<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Logical Operators<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Bitwise Operators<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Assignment Operators<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Other Operators<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1. Arithmetic Operators<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    These are operators used to perform arithmetic operations. For example if x = 10 and y = 20, then the table below show the results of various arithmetic operators<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Operator<\/th>\nBrief Description<\/th>\nExample<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Addition (+)<\/td>\nAdds two operands<\/td>\nx + y will give 30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Subtraction(-)<\/td>\nSubtracts second operand from the first<\/td>\nx – y will give -10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Multiplication(*)<\/td>\nMultiplies both operands<\/td>\nx * y will give 200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Division(\/)<\/td>\nDivides numerator by de-numerator<\/td>\ny \/ x will give 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Modulus(%)<\/td>\nGives remainder of after an integer division<\/td>\ny % x will give 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Increment(++)<\/td>\nIncreases integer value by one<\/td>\nx++ will give 11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Decrement(–)<\/td>\nDecreases integer value by one<\/td>\nx– will give 9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    2. Relational Operators<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    These are sometimes called comparison operators. They compare two operand and returns either true or false based on the result. So if x = 10 and y = 10, then the table below show the results of various relational operators<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Operator<\/th>\nBrief Description<\/th>\nExample<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    ==<\/td>\nChecks whether the values of two operands are equal, if yes then the condition becomes true.<\/td>\n(x == y) is not true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    !=<\/td>\nChecks whether the values of two operands are equal, if values are not equal then the condition becomes true.<\/td>\n(x != y) is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ><\/td>\nChecks whether the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if so, then the condition becomes true.<\/td>\n(x > y) is not true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <<\/td>\nChecks whether the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if so, then the condition becomes true.<\/td>\n(x < y) is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    >=<\/td>\nChecks whether the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if so then the condition becomes true.<\/td>\n(x >= y) is not true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <=<\/td>\nChecks whether the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then the condition becomes true.<\/td>\n(x <= y) is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    3. Logical Operators<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    These are used to do logical comparison of two operands. If x = 1 and y = 0, then:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Operator<\/th>\nBrief Description<\/th>\nExample<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Logical AND(&&)<\/td>\nIf both of the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.<\/td>\n(x && y) is false.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Logical OR(||)<\/td>\nIf any of the two operands is non-zero, then condition evaluates to true.<\/td>\n(x || y) is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    :Logical NOT(!)<\/td>\nUse to negate the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then the operator will make it false.<\/td>\n!(x && y) is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    4. Bitwise Operators<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    These set of operators are used perform operations on individual bits. They are also called binary operators or bit-by-bit operators.<\/p>\n

    For instance, let x = 60; and y = 13; converting to\u00a0 binary format they will be as follows \u2212<\/p>\n

    x = 0011 1100<\/p>\n

    y = 0000 1101<\/p>\n

    —————–<\/p>\n

    x & y = 0000 1100<\/p>\n

    x | y = 0011 1101<\/p>\n

    x ^ y = 0011 0001<\/p>\n

    ~x\u00a0 = 1100 0011<\/p>\n

    The table below summarizes bitwise operators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Operator<\/th>\nBrief Description<\/th>\nExample<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Binary AND(&)<\/td>\ncopies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.<\/td>\n(x & y) will give 12 which is 0000 1100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Binary OR(|)<\/td>\ncopies a bit if it exists in either operand.<\/td>\n(x | y) will give 61 which is 0011 1101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Binary XOR(^)<\/td>\ncopies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.<\/td>\n(x ^ y) will give 49 which is 0011 0001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Binary 1s complement(~)<\/td>\na unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.<\/td>\n(~x ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Binary Left Shift(<<)<\/td>\nshifts the left operands value left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.<\/td>\nx << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Binary Right Shift(>>)<\/td>\nshifts the left operands value right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.<\/td>\nx >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    5. Assignment Operators<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    These are simply used to assign values to variables. Assignment operators are summarized in the table below<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Operator<\/th>\nBrief Description<\/th>\nExample<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Simple Assignment(=)<\/td>\nassigns values from right side operands to left side operand.<\/td>\nz = x + y will assign value of x + y into z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Add AND Assignment(+=)<\/td>\nadds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.<\/td>\nz += x is equivalent to z = z + x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Subtract AND Assignment(-=)<\/td>\nsubtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.<\/td>\nz -= x is equivalent to z = z – x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Multiply AND Assignment(*=)<\/td>\nmultiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.<\/td>\nz *= x is equivalent to z = z * x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Divide AND Assignment(\/=)<\/td>\ndivides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand.<\/td>\nz \/= x is equivalent to z = z \/ x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Modulus AND Assignment(%=)<\/td>\n\u00a0takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.<\/td>\nz %= x is equivalent to z = z % x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Left Shift AND Assignment(<<=)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nz <<= 2 is same as z = z << 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Right Shift AND Assignment(>>=)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nz >>= 2 is same as z = z >> 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Bitwise AND Assignment(&=)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nz &= 2 is same as z = z & 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Bitwise XOR Assignment(^=)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nz ^= 2 is same as z = z ^ 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Bitwise OR Assignment(|=)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nz |= 2 is same as z = z | 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    6. Other Operators<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    There are\u00a0 a few other operators which does not fall under any of the categories discussed. So we group them as ‘other operators’ or ‘misc operators’. They are listed in the table below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    SN<\/th>\nOperator\u00a0 and Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/td>\nsizeof operator<\/b><\/p>\n

    returns the size of a variable. For instance, sizeof(x), where \u2018x\u2019 is integer, and will return 4.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    2<\/td>\nConditional operator(a ? b : c<\/b><\/p>\n

    If a is true then it returns value of b else, returns value of c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    3<\/td>\nComma (,)<\/b><\/p>\n

    causes a sequence of operations to be performed. The value of the entire expression becomes the value of the last expression of the comma-separated list.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    4<\/td>\nMember operators . (dot) and -> (arrow)<\/b><\/p>\n

    they are used to reference individual members of classes, structures, and unions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    5<\/td>\nCasting operators<\/b><\/p>\n

    converts one data type to another. For instance, int(12.75) would return 12. See Data Type Conversion<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    6<\/td>\nPointer operator &<\/b><\/p>\n

    returns the address of a variable. For instance &a; will give actual address of the variable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    7<\/td>\nPointer operator *<\/b><\/p>\n

    * is pointer to a variable. For instance *var; will pointer to a variable var.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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